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At the same time, basic research and innovation are needed to enhance the attractiveness of the reactor concepts.
(Most committees also shy away from such a sprawling topic as the connection between basic research and innovation because they have a more limited purview).
But the mode 3 university does not assume an intrinsic contradiction between basic research and innovation (knowledge application): in fact, quite contrarily, the mode 3 university sees benefits and opportunities in a parallel (non-linear) approach to knowledge production and knowledge application, to forms of combinations between basic research and innovation.
The linear model of innovation also has become challenged by non-linear models of innovation, which are interested in drawing more direct connections between knowledge production and knowledge application, where basic research and innovation are being coupled together not in a first-then, but in an 'as well as' and 'parallel' (parallelized) relationship (Campbell and Carayannis [2012]).
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The relationship between university and national lab basic research and commercial innovation is well known.
As with other important long-term issues, including boosting America's investment in basic research and incentives for energy innovation, it is trajectories that matter far more than specific targets.
How long can U.S. science lobbyists keep repeating the same message that boosting federal funding for basic research and removing barriers to innovation is a proven way to ensure economic prosperity without tuning out their intended audience?
China and other nations are a growing threat to U.S. preeminence in science and innovation, the report notes, and the best response is spending more on basic research and reforming the current U.S. system of innovation.
For the purpose of this paper, we have divided the TOI into two aspects: basic research innovation and application innovation.
It will then require large-scale public-private investment in each stage of the energy innovation pipeline - from basic research and development, to applied R&D, demonstration, direct deployment, infrastructure, and education -- eventually on the scale of $50-80 50-80 billionear of federal investment.
Nevertheless, radical innovations build on a higher degree on basic research, and they build on a significantly higher share of own prior scientific research than do incremental innovations.
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