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A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and metabolites among vastly different species, while genes, mRNAs and proteins are diversified from species to species.
A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species.
The striking feature on the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between vastly different species makes the reprogramming metabolomics possible, forming a characteristic feature that differentiates from other OMICs.
The striking feature on the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components among vastly different species makes the reprogramming metabolomics possible when the engineered metabolites play biological roles in cellular activity as a substrate of enzymes and a regulator to other molecules including proteins.
On the other hand, the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between different species as well as the commercially available metabolite lead to a possibility that metabolome can be reprogrammed by exogenous metabolites (Peng et al., 2015a), which is very difficult to be achieved by conventional genetic means.
The protein modules detected can be attributed to basic metabolic pathways and well-characterized cellular systems on a global scale.
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Two basic metabolic pathways glycolysis and TCA cycle involve eight and four highly expressed genes respectively, whereas the genes in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism are predominantly highly expressed genes.
These chemicals may be by-products of basic metabolic pathways, such as alcohols and terpenes produced by green plants or lactic acid produced by mammals.
This analysis revealed a remarkable enrichment in functional gene ontology (GO) groups involved in basic metabolic pathways, with the nicotinamide and glutathione metabolic processes being the most statistically significant (Figs 1C, S2B, and Table S1, Supporting Information).
Previous research on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reported that the gene cluster associated with lipid metabolism had high expression during the lipid accumulation phase, and the gene cluster associated with photosynthesis and basic metabolic pathways had low expression during the stationary phase [ 34].
Hence, the origin and the evolution of basic metabolic pathways represented a crucial step in molecular and cellular evolution since it rendered the primordial cells less dependent on exogenous sources of nutrients (Fig. 4).
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