On the most basic level, education helps people figure out how to make objects and accomplish tasks more efficiently.
A quality control of the 1970 census showed under-reporting of basic level education and corresponding over-reporting of secondary and tertiary levels.
In terms of education, 56% (34) of the respondents had basic level education (primary and junior secondary level), 22% (14) had post-basic education (secondary education or higher), and 22% (13) had no formal education.
Despite the declines in inequalities observed in this study, there still remain significant negative associations between receiving the recommended number of ANC visits and SBA utilization, and rural residence status, no education, up to basic level education, low income, and high parity.
In this cohort, women, older subjects, those with basic level education, who smoked, had higher alcohol intake and BMI, who reported symptoms of SNS hyperactivity, had a higher score on stressfulness measure and any indication of psychiatric morbidity reported an increased number of childhood adversities (p<0.001).
From 1993 to 2008, the utilization of ANC increased dramatically among women residing in rural areas (prevalence difference, 21.5%), those with no education (prevalence difference, 25.7%), and those who had only basic level education (prevalence difference, 13.9%), compared to those with urban residency and secondary or higher education.
Socio-demographic variables: Relationship status was dichotomized into paired and non-paired, and basic level of education was divided into ≤12 years of education (low level) and >12 years (high level).
Although most studies find that turnout increases as the proportion of those with some basic level of education (for example primary school or high school education) increases, we are not aware of other papers which find a negative effect of education beyond some level of education.
Individuals were coded as having low socioeconomic status if their highest educated parent had basic school level education up to grade 10 (ISCED 1).
According to the OECD, if all 15-year-olds achieved a basic level of education, Ghana could increase its GDP by 3,881% and South Africa by 2,624%.
