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Acidic (type I) and basic keratins (type II) build obligatory type I and type II heteropolymers and are expressed in epithelial cells.
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Intermediate filaments of the epidermal cells are built up by heterodimers of type I (acidic) and type II (basic) keratins and are differentially expressed in the different epidermal layers.
Coordinated expression of the acidic and basic keratins, which are encoded by the Type I and Type II α-keratin gene clusters, is also essential for skin appendage development.
Mass spectrometry identified the major protein constituents as a heterogeneous mixture of 15 hair keratins (type I: K31 35 and K37 39, and type II: K81 86) with small amounts of epithelial keratins which exist in monomeric, dimeric, multimeric, and even degraded forms.
Acidic keratins are coded on chromosome 17q whereas the basic keratins are clustered on chromosome 12q.
The KRT9-23 belongs to the acidic group, whereas KRT1-8 are basic keratins [ 8].
KRTHB3 (basic keratin 3), MUC2 (mucin 2), and PCOLN3 (type III procollagen N-endopeptidase) all have altered expression in EBV-associated gastric carcinomas [ 31].
It is also noteworthy that whereas acidic keratin transcripts were all induced, 3 basic keratin gene transcripts decreased.
In the HUPO list, IPI00293665 (P04259) is annotated as "Keratin type II cytoskeletal 6B", while IPI00296350 (P48669) is annotated as "Keratin type II cytoskeletal 6F".
Protein spots 5 and 6 were identified as keratin, type II cytoskeletal 6A and 6B, respectively.
Finally, keratin type II cytoskeletal 1 (P04264) is downregulated 44.3x in AP and upregulated 34.9x in CP.
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