IL-13, dexamethasone, transforming growth factor beta1, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor BB and epidermal growth factor down-regulated the expression of both antagonists.
WJMSCs treated with a mixture of glial growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor and forskolin) adopted a spindle-like morphology similar to SCs.
Along with factors such as the epithelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1, TGF-β1 appears to play a key role in EMT [ 32].
This study also reported that the engrafted cells produce growth factors: nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor.
One novel factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), was experimentally determined to inhibit follicle assembly.
In addition to multipotency, this population exerts paracrine proangiogenic effects through the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-6.
Proangiogenic factors derived from tumor tissues include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor1 alpha (SDF1α).
In vivo angiogenesis assay utilising gelfoam sponges, bexarotene reduced angiogenesis in sponges containing vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to various extent.
However, the classical angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, are not fully capable of restoring this effect.
Recent studies have identified key angiogenic factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-8, hypoxia-inducible factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).
