Genes encoding enzymes involved in basic epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and DNA methylation, are frequently mutated in cancer, including a range of tissue types such as breast, brain, lung, ovarian, blood, kidney, colon, uterus, liver, and pancreas (reviewed in [ 90]).
The aforementioned data incriminate mitochondria and the UPS in the execution of UBB+1-triggered cytotoxicity, notably because of the protective impact of the removal of mitochondrial enzymes involved in basic amino acid synthesis and the overexpression of the transcriptional UPS activator Rpn4.
Response to starvation involved increased biosynthesis of basic energy components, nucleosome assembly, and enzymes involved in oxidative processes (Table 1).
The image of a cell as a "bag of enzymes" has given way to a view where molecules and proteins localize at the right time in the right place in order to perform their necessary functions; however, enzymes involved in the most basic metabolic functions are generally thought to be freely diffusing in the cytoplasm.
Most of the genes coding for the translation and transcription machineries, including factors and enzymes involved in modification and maturation of basic components of the machineries, were found in the list.
H. sinensis also could secrete many low-temperature enzymes involved in the metabolism which provides the basic energy for the survival.
The carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a glucose-regulated basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor that acts as a key regulator of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis.
Two-component regulatory systems serve as a basic stimulus response coupling mechanism, allowing organisms to sense and respond to changes in environmental conditions [ 64] and enzymes involved in this signal transduction system were induced (alkaline phosphatases).
Enzymes involved in deacetylation of histones, thereby modulating chromatin structure.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes involved in expression of DNA.
