Standing on the concepts, this special issue is containing four reviews and two original papers, both of basic scientific and clinical approaches.
Because the outcome of prevention and treatment in thoracic oncology is far from satisfactory, international collaborations are indispensable to make further progress in this area from both the basic and clinical research approaches.
Each case examines basic science factors, clinical approaches, and public health determinants, including risk factors and direct and indirect contributing factors.
Initial patient trials of p53 and BRCA1 gene therapy have provided some indications of potential efficacy, but have also identified areas of basic and clinical research that are needed before these approaches may be widely used in patient care.
We anticipate that this recombineering strategy and the engineered adenovirus library will provide an approach to study basic and clinical virology.
Originally developed in business schools, case method teaching has been successfully used to discuss real-life, complex problems requiring, in medicine, a multidisciplinary approach, even integrating basic and clinical science in the preclinical years of medical school [ 9].
In particular, the report diagnosed an absence of an overarching strategy to translate ideas from basic and clinical research into the development of new products and approaches to treatment of disease and illness.
These programs generally take a multi-disciplinary team approach focused on interaction between basic and clinical researchers to foster translational research.
Perhaps for this reason medical education scholars are still uncertain whether the PBL approach creates better physicians compared with traditional learning, or whether the PBL approach is superior to didactic basic and clinical teaching.
Recently, based on basic and clinical research indicating a greater potential for plastic changes in the brain, approaches directed toward functional restoration are becoming increasingly popular.
