Sentence examples for bases of complex traits from inspiring English sources

Although linkage methods proved to be extremely successful in monogenic Mendelian diseases, their power of detection is minimal when they are used to explore the genetic bases of complex traits and multifactorial diseases (such as migraine) not showing a simple Mendelian pattern of transmission (refer also to the detailed literature list cited in [58]).

Huge efforts have been invested in the last two decades to dissect the genetic bases of complex traits including yields of many crop plants, through quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses.

SSRs have been extensively used in tagging qualitative genes and in dissecting the genetic bases of complex traits [ 11- 13].

For this reason, association mapping has been extensively used to study the genetic bases of complex traits in plant and animal systems [ 1, 4, 5].

Exploring genetic differentiation and genomic variation is important for both the utilization of heterosis and the dissection of the genetic bases of complex traits.

QTL mapping has been demonstrated as a successful method to dissect the genetic bases of complex traits in several important crops since the 1990s.

Second, there are several long-term study populations in which individual based questions such as the genetic basis of complex traits [ 31, 32] and linkages between individual genetic variation and differences in fitness [ 33, 34] can be addressed using genomic data.

We have explained how the genetic basis of complex traits can be heterogeneous between populations based on GWA findings.

Association mapping based on LD (Linkage dis-equilibrium), non-random associations between causative loci and phenotype in natural population is highly useful in dissecting out genetic basis of complex traits.

The use of GWAS data for the prediction of complex traits based on sample sizes far below 100,000 individuals yields genetic risk scores with little predictive accuracy, regardless of whether one applies the classical GWAS approach or ridge regression.

Genome-enabled prediction of complex traits based on marker data are becoming important in plant and animal breeding, personalized medicine, and evolutionary biology (Meuwissen et al. 2001; Bernardo and Yu 2007; de los Campos et al. 2009, 2010; Crossa et al. 2010, 2011; Ober et al. 2012).