When the percentage change in VEGF level from baseline was assessed over time, there was a trend suggesting that the levels dropped initially with subsequent rebound.
Further, with regard to HbA1c levels, the mean HbA1c for the sample at baseline was just over 8% (63.9 mmol/mol), creating the potential for a floor effect.
For both actives, the percentage reduction in itching from baseline was superior over placebo at 3, 5, and 7 min (−23.7%, −24.1%, and −30.2%, respectively).
Given that patients were enrolled at different time points during the first year, using the last measurement registered in that period as baseline was preferred over the first measurement to minimize heterogeneity in follow-up duration between patients.
However, none of the prospective studies in this review assessed whether the number of working hours reported by participants at baseline was stable over the duration of follow-up.
Pre-perampanel baseline was calculated over the baseline period of the core study for patients who were randomized to perampanel in the core studies, and over the entire double-blind study duration for patients randomized to placebo in the core studies.
However, the survey was intended to be completed regardless of MSD status and if respondents were more likely to have an MSD than non-respondents, the prevalence at baseline could be over-estimated [ 12].
For AKIN criteria, the ICU admission creatinine was used as the baseline, and a rolling baseline was also used over the course of 48 hours.
A rebound effect, i.e. a worsening of symptoms beyond the baseline, was not seen over a 2-week post-treatment observation period.
Using the lower dose, at the whole lung level, a 3-4 fold increase in Arg1 expression over baseline was noted (Figure S1A).
