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In addition, we calculated the effect size (ES; mean changes in scores divided by baseline standard deviation) for PROs.
Results are unadjusted OR (mean 95% CI) by baseline standard deviation for continuous variables or yes/no for categorical variables.
The SMD was calculated as the difference between baseline and follow-up mean, divided by the baseline standard deviation for the group.
The difference found between the groups is equal to a standardised mean difference of −0.30 (−0.54 to −0.07), with baseline standard deviation for SCL-D13 (pooled).
To ease interpretation and to allow comparison with published studies, we estimated standard effect sizes as the difference in follow-up means divided by the pooled baseline standard deviation for all participants.
Because the studies used different outcome measures, we calculated standardised baseline and outcome scores for all patients by dividing their scores by the baseline standard deviation for the sample population for that trial.
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However, the baseline standard deviation of HABAM raw scores for 28 patients (that included the 15 patients in the reliability study) was reported.
4. Outcome: baseline and follow up mean scores (and baseline standard deviation (SD)) for pain intensity.
To combine data from MEG magnetometer and planar gradiometers as well as from EEG channels, a normalization procedure was first applied; the baseline standard deviation was estimated for each channel using all the trials in the experiment, and then all the samples were divided by this standard deviation to yield a z-score, which was entered in the classification algorithm.
The decrease in terms of baseline standard deviation units was strongest for Reduced activity (e.s. = 1.85), Physical Fatigue (e.s. = 1.46) and General Fatigue (e.s. = 1.15).
On multivariate analysis, no factor was significant for a decline of 50% of baseline standard deviation.
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