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A null model contains only a response variable and no explanatory variables apart from a constant and is used at baseline for estimation of explained versus unexplained variance (Kreft & De Leeuw, 1998).
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The baseline segments for estimation of noise were auto-selected and noise was calculated as the root-mean-square (RMS) of the baseline over the selected time window.
Blood is collected for the purposes of measuring baseline electrolytes, creatinine (for estimation of glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), and biomarkers and an electrocardiogram.
Other sources of uncertainty exist that have not been included here, such as alternative modeling approaches for climate and air quality, methods for estimation of baseline summer season mortality rates, the assumption that O3 impacts occur only in summer, and possible modification of the O3 mortality relationship in the future if more households acquire air conditioning.
A further inactivated sample was kept for estimation of the baseline fluorescence intensity.
Plasma was separated for estimation of glucose.
A multiple regression analysis was used for baseline estimation of the predictors of HF prevalence, due to the small incidence of new HF cases during the 7-year follow-up (5 persons).
Additional adjustment for baseline utility in estimation of QALYs.
Baseline information on prevalence of COPD is an important input for disease burden estimations as well as for estimations of attributable disease burdens for important risk factors.
Several different approaches have been suggested to compensate for a missing baseline value including estimation of a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on population norms [6], use of the nadir creatinine during hospitalization as baseline; however, these have all been found to result in over- or underestimation of AKI [7].
This study will provide baseline data for the estimation of the economic implication of treating dyslipidaemia from the perspective of providers.
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