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Baseline differences in prognostic factors between different treatment delay groups were performed by the χ test.
Baseline differences in prognostic or possible confounding factors between the four different treatment delay groups were performed by the χ-test.
For continuous outcomes, multiple linear regression modeling was used to adjust for potential confounding arising from baseline differences in prognostic variables between groups.
Poisson regression analyses with a robust covariance matrix estimator were used to adjust for potential confounding (observed baseline differences in prognostic factors, such as sex, breast feeding for more than three months, family history of upper respiratory tract infections, and passive smoking).
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After adjustment for baseline differences in potential prognostic variables, total costs during follow-up tended to be higher in the IG than in the CG, with costs for informal care and outpatient physician services being significantly increased.
Risk of bias among included RCTs was assessed using the following criteria: adequacy of allocation concealment, blinding of subjects and clinicians to treatment groups, blinding during outcome adjudication (for studies reporting neurological outcomes in addition to mortality), use of an intention-to-treat analysis, loss to follow-up, and baseline differences in important prognostic variables.
This finding indicates that, despite baseline differences in some variables (ie, IDDM, cancer and 'No history of surgery'), the presence of a primary BSI remains a prognostic variable with a significant effect on the outcome (90-day survival; table 3).
At baseline, data of various prognostic measures will be collected to evaluate if randomisation successfully resulted in two prognostically comparable groups and to be able to adjust for baseline differences in the analysis, if necessary.
These variables were prospectively selected based on clinical relevance for either treatment decision making (potential confounding by indication) or differences in prognostic factors at baseline.
Baseline assessment consisted of recording of demographic and disease-specific characteristics of participants to identify differences in prognostic indicators between the two intervention groups.
Multivariable analyses are performed to adjust for the eventual differences between the groups at baseline in prognostic indicators.
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