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Due to the observational nature of this study, selection bias may influence outcomes and partially account for baseline differences in patients chosen for cardiac catheterization.
Study findings confirmed that, in a real-world setting, there were significant baseline differences in patients exposed to alternate MOA as compared with patients exposed to anti-TNFs.
Utility estimates will be calculated according to the area under the curve approach, adjusting for baseline differences in patients in the trial arms if necessary.
Baseline differences in patients' characteristics between groups were analysed by the χ test for categorical data or the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous data.
Besides a higher but non-relevant difference in serum creatinine among patients without NT-proSST measurements (92 [IQR 82 104] μmol/L versus 93[IQRR 84 106] μmol/L, p = 0.02) there were no significant baseline differences in patients with and without NT-proSST measurements.
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The pattern of changes in the performance on quality indicators remained after adjusting for small baseline differences in patient characteristics between the two time periods in the logistic regression models.
Cluster randomisation on the department level will irrevocably lead to baseline differences in patient characteristics, such as diagnosis, treatment, and age because departments deal with specific cancer patients.
Therefore, we sought to determine whether there were racial differences in processes of care, hospital LOS, or 30-day mortality for African-American and Caucasian VHA patients with CAP, after adjusting for baseline differences in patient characteristics.
Elderly African-American CAP patients experienced a survival advantage (i.e., lower 30-day mortality) in the ICU compared to Caucasians and shorter hospital LOS in both medical wards and ICUs, after adjusting for numerous baseline differences in patient characteristics.
The likelihood of receiving poorer quality of care is partly reduced but remains consistently higher for women, even after taking into consideration the baseline differences in patient characteristics (especially the higher proportion of elderly patients, a longer diabetes duration, and the higher BMI in women) and the effect of clustering.
24 To account for potentially important baseline differences in those patients who received proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists, we did two separate propensity score analyses.
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