Sentence examples for based upon the nucleotide from inspiring English sources

A 385,000 feature microarray was fabricated (Nimblegen Inc., Madison, WI) using 60-nucleotide long oligonucleotide synthesized based upon the nucleotide sequence of 43,253 cowpea unigenes of known and unknown function previously identified in a gene-space sequencing study [ 20, 21].

As described above (see Background), AGO proteins preferentially recruit miRNAs based upon the 5' terminal nucleotide [ 5].

Most often, molecular phylogeny is based upon the analysis of alignments of nucleotide or amino acid sequences.

For each region, the average transition/transversion ratio was calculated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood estimate of the pattern of nucleotide substitution based upon the Tamura-Nei model [ 113] and then used in the subsequent dN/dS analysis.

Large scale analyses, based upon the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates [ 7] or MacDonald-Kreitman statistics [ 8] have indicated small to intermediate degrees of positive selection (adaptive substitutions) in mammals, but these clearly do not represent the majority of substitutions.

The nonexchangeable protons of nucleotides were assigned based upon the sequential connectivity of the base proton H6 or H8 dipolar couplings with H1′ sugar protons (45, 46).

As before, we partitioned 3′ UTRs into ten conservation bins based upon the median branch-length score (BLS) of the reference-species nucleotides (Friedman et al., 2009).

EvoDB comprises protein domains from PFAM-A, the corresponding nucleotide sequences and estimates of their evolutionary rates based upon the PFAM-A (ver. 27.0) seed alignments.

Raw sequencing reads were then subjected to a series of stringent filtering steps, removing reads based upon the following criteria: Type (1): Reads with ≥ 10% and ≥ 3% unidentified nucleotides for short and long insert size libraries, respectively.

To obtain the full length cDNA nucleotide sequence of the AciHBGase II gene, primers were designed from various locations based upon the available AmHBGase II sequence (GenBank accession # NM_001040259).

A nucleotide site with mutation frequency greater than the threshold therefore suffers more mutation than expected based upon the overall mutation rate; this method allows one to distinguish RIP-like hypermutation patterns from random mutation.