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The transactivation assays were performed in triplicate, and the standard deviation was calculated based upon the normalized value for each sample in each condition.
Cycle threshold (Ct) values, based upon the normalized change in fluorescence (dRn), for each locus were compared to a corresponding standard curve run in parallel to determine transcript copy number.
One of the standard definitions used in the study of DILI is the division of cases cholestatic, mixed, and hepatocellular injury using results of commonly used biochemical tests, based upon the normalized ratio of ALT to ALP, sometimes referred to as the "R" value.
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The resulting production patterns based upon those normalized IRES patterns were reported to have similar yields when compared to historical production data [39], as shown in Table 1.
The concentrations of cytokines in cardiac tissue homogenate were normalized based upon the concentration of total proteins in each homogenate and were quantified using the Micro-Lowry method in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA).
For the analysis, the gene concentrations within each reaction were normalized based upon the 16 s rRNA concentration; 16 s rRNA gene concentration within each reaction was determined using C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 genomic DNA standards, and this value was used to normalized the concentration of each test gene.
MAS 5.0 analysis software was used to generate signal values for all probe sets based upon a mean intensity of 500, subsequently exported and iteratively normalized as a whole group to create the final normalization based upon the most stable gene expression measurements across all samples [ 48, 49].
An empirical correlation based upon the modified Sherwood number, Peclet number, and normalized mean grain size was used to estimate initial lumped mass transfer coefficients over a range of water content.
A deterministic model based upon the impedance signal was performed; lithium intercalation inside the composite cathode is normalized and included in the faradaic current.
Before calculation of normalized spectral abundance factors (NSAF) [ 35], spectral counts (SpC) of non-unique/redundant peptides were weighted based upon the relative abundance of the proteins that share these sequences, as derived by their total unique SpC.
FIRe is based upon the Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry FRRFF) technique.
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