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Exact(7)
The questionnaire was designed based upon questionnaires used successfully in other similar studies [ 2, 11].
To measure hyperactivity, the team calculated a global hyperactivity aggregate (GHA) based upon questionnaires completed by parents, teachers, and trained observers.
In SDPP, information on smoking status, physical activity levels and alcohol consumption were recorded for all participants based upon questionnaires [ 22].
Superficially this may not seem a problem as there are many published papers, often based upon questionnaires where response rates are similarly reduced to between 60 to 80% of the population.
A questionnaire (see the additional file 1), containing mainly multiple-choices questions, was prepared based upon questionnaires previously used in studies done in Italy and in other countries [ 17- 20].
Most studies of outcome following head injury have been based upon questionnaires, which can severely constrain responses and often focus upon the presence of symptoms rather than the degree to which they are causing problems.
Similar(53)
Both these meta-analyses were largely based upon questionnaire-based case-control studies, and the second meta-analysis (4) highlighted that the observed association could reflect methodological weaknesses, particularly recall bias.
This analysis was based upon questionnaire data from 715 physicians.
Based upon questionnaire findings and literature review, guidelines have been now been drawn up in our unit.
A summary of the ethnic classification based upon questionnaire of the 9749 children participating in the Generation R Study is presented on Online Resource 3. Ethnic classification was missing in 6.7 % of the population.
The proportion of patients assigned to each branch was based upon questionnaire responses obtained from thoracic surgeons and radiation oncologists when presented with clinical scenarios, and information from provincial cancer registries.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com