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The prevailing view that chromium supplementation for glucose regulation is unjustified has been based upon prior studies showing mixed, modest-sized effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Several additional genes known or suspected to be involved in BPH based upon prior studies were "manually" included for further study: IGF1, IGF1R, TGFB1, TGFB3, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2.
Based upon prior studies, largely with OM-lipoproteins, the poor solubility of OmpL36, OmpL37 and OmpL54 in Triton detergents would have been interpreted as evidence that these proteins are not OMPs.
The dose was selected based upon prior studies [ 6, 14].
The location of the QRDR in gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes was based upon prior studies in meningococci (Appendix Table) and on the complete sequence of strain N. meningitidis Z2491 (serogroup A; GenBank accession no. NC_003116).
Based upon prior studies, it was expected that PC oral anticoagulation would result in at least a 10% absolute improvement in the percentage TTR as compared to UC [ 9, 10].
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The immunophenotype of human psoriatic plaques was consistent with elevated abundance of Th1 T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, CD8+ T-cell, DC and macrophage signatures (P<0.05; see Figure 9), which was an expected based upon prior clinical studies of psoriatic lesions [38].
Given this criteria, there are numerous variables that, based upon prior epidemiological studies, might conceivably be included within a "healthy aging" index.
Finally, the study was based upon prior in vitro data that showed that kallistatin inhibits kallikrein activity [ 4].
The sample size of 22 patients was determined on an empirical basis, based upon prior experience with small sample sizes in phase I studies [ 22, 23].
We surveyed non-coding sequence data from a recent avian phylogenetic study and found substantially more microinversions than expected based upon prior information about vertebrate inversion rates, although this is likely due to underestimation of these rates in previous studies.
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based upon other studies
based upon prior analyses
based upon prior results
based upon prior definitions
based upon epidemiological studies
based upon single studies
based upon crystallographic studies
based upon prior reports
based upon prior conclusions
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based upon prior experiences
based upon recent studies
based upon weak studies
based upon former studies
based upon previous studies
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