One available absorption based technique, which is an efficient method to obtain structural information of cement phases, is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Jones et al. 2003; Cong and Kirkpatrick 1996).
In particular, two new graph clustering-based techniques, which are splitting method (GraphS) and merging method (GraphM), are proposed.
Furthermore, the positioning method we used is accurate, although not as accurate as neuronavigation-based techniques, which are unfortunately only available for neurosurgical procedures in our clinic.
Most of these methods are immunoassay-based techniques, which are divided into enzyme-substrate reactions, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and signal DNA amplification-based methods of protein detection, such as immuno-polymerase chain reaction (iPCR) [4, 5].
Moreover, this novel detection method may represent an alternative and/or a complementary approach to PCR-based techniques, which are routinely used for FBP detection, and could be implemented in (parts of) the food chain as a quality check.
Hence we have chosen the MACS technique as it allows instantaneous enrichment of the population of cells carrying the transgene, unlike selection-based techniques which are longer and often introduce a bias due to their high selectivity.
Thus, we employ template-matching based techniques, which can be made more robust against the local dissimilarities caused by inward flow of contrast in angiographic images, by a proper choice for the similarity measure.
BillGuard's service is based on techniques which are similar to those which are used to combat spam in email systems – that is, crowdsourcing.
