We cannot apply traditional signal detection-based techniques due to total absence of phase information.
However, MRI offers additional advantages beyond the scope of X-ray-based techniques due to its functional imaging capacities.
Third, allelic losses may be masked in karyotype-based techniques, due to genomic amplifications or chromosomes that are aberrantly duplicated through nondisjunction at cellular division.
Although we initially favored a monolayer differentiation based technique [12] due to its simplicity and reproducibility, monolayer based differentiation systems have been demonstrated to be less responsive to cardiac inductive factors than in hEB systems [37].
The first coarse-fine sensing approaches that emerged in the literature were exclusively based on the energy detection technique and, thus, were called multi-resolution techniques, due to their sole sensing resolution difference.
Biosensors based on electrochemistry are now attracting considerable attention as potential successors to a wide range of analytical techniques due to their unique properties of specificity [1 3].
ARMS based techniques can be prone to both false positive (due to promiscuous priming) and false negative results (due to PCR failure).
Due to the difficulty in finding specific primers and probe sequences, cross-reactions between different elements would render regular PCR or array based techniques ineffective for distinguishing individual members within a HERV-family.
In this context, more objective data about the measurement of structural integrity in RA are now available due to computer based techniques like DXR [ 27], considering minor differences of structural integrity in the assessment of therapeutic strategies.
In this respect, Email Based Identification and Authentication (EBIA) is an outstanding technique due to its usability.
The technique's suitability for direct-touch interfaces is enhanced by the fact that text entry, which would be required with other user input based techniques, through touch interfaces can be problematic due to their lack of tactile feedback [19].
