This finding is consistent with a recent population-based study of parental PCB blood concentrations and offspring gender, which also noted no increase in the proportion of males born to mothers with the highest category of PCB exposure [ 52].
In a study of siblings of ADHD and control probands, offspring were categorised into groups based on presence of parental ADHD before and after the birth of the child, but not necessarily concurrent to child ADHD assessment [ 7].
A generally used definition of childhood allergies is based on parental report of symptoms or report of a history of a provider diagnosis, similar to the case definition based on parental report in this study.
The 9-year risk of developing T2DM was estimated with the risk formula derived from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study, based on ethnicity, parental history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and height [ 12].
In May, it released the results of one of the most comprehensive studies of parental involvement with children -- by race.
Within the GINIplus framework, children were allocated to either an interventional study arm or an observational study arm, based on parental history of allergic diseases and consent for intervention.
A study based on parental reports may be an unreliable source of information on the frequency of headache in young children.
The study protocol, based on informed parental consent, was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Martini Hospital, The Netherlands.
The studies based on parental reports may be an unreliable source of information on the frequency of headache in young children.
In studies based on parental interviews, recall bias may have led to overestimation of CHD in neuroblastoma patients.
Barlow, Coren and Stewart-Brown's Cochrane review [ 14] identified four studies that assessed the impact of group based parenting programmes upon parental depression.
