4 A US community based study of those aged over 60 who had previously fallen found that one in 10 falls left the faller unable to get up for at least five minutes 24 and even lower rates have been reported for different time periods.
20 21 The Somerset and Avon Survey of Health is a population based study of 28 080 people aged 35 years or over randomly selected from 40 general practices in the south west of England.
This motivated the present study to further explore the protective effect of normal to high IQ (>85) in a case-control selected sample from a population based study of primary school children aged 7-11 years, including a subsample of children with CI.
As part of this project, dietary assessment, blood analysis and assessment of knowledge and use of supplements were also carried out in a 2-phase population based study of women of reproductive age in Kingston, Ontario and environs.
The Singapore Indian Eye Study [ 8] was a population based study of 3400 Singapore Indians aged over 40 years.
Data were taken from a large population based study of 9,875 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 19.
Series (2) was selected from the controls in an UK population based study of breast cancer diagnosed ⩽45 years age (number available=223, number informative=193;).
Rubin et al. [ 20] showed in a population based study of 2520 patients in the age between 65 and 84 years an average gain by binocular summation of 1.5 ETDRS letters which was statistical significant, but not clinical significant.
A UK population based study of 15,000 home dwelling people aged over 75 identified that 18.3% had cognitive impairment and of these 31% had urinary incontinence problems [ 17].
Almost all previous population based studies of LV dysfunction have recruited small numbers aged over 85 years.
Therefore, we utilized data for 428 persons aged 44 to 48 years participating in the PATH Through Life Project, a large-scale population-based study of age, cognition, and a range of health, biological, and individual difference variables [see 8].
