The historical lesson of these two cases appears simple: government crackdowns based solely upon race or ethnicity are wrong.
Every such decision creates a living victim of racial discrimination, denied a benefit based solely upon skin color.
The lawsuit seeks to remedy the targeting of Muslims for surveillance "based solely upon their religion" by the New York City Police Department.
But in a global economy based on knowledge, based on innovation, no development strategy can be based solely upon what comes out of the ground.
The document portrays Mr. Sterling's concerns as inaccurate, saying they were "based solely upon his mischaracterization of a single remark by a participant" in the operation.
"It's time to quit choosing our leaders based solely upon charisma or one strong suite," said Norris, in a statement that was rich in historical references, if a little weak on copy editing.
The conduct in this case happened abroad, Justice Breyer wrote, and "based solely upon the defendants' minimal and indirect American presence," it would be "far-fetched to believe" the case "helps to vindicate a distinct American interest".
Yet we must acknowledge that a strategy based solely upon the narrow pursuit of these interests will not fill an empty stomach or allow someone to speak their mind.
Shannon, however, was able to find a quantity that does provide a theoretical limit for the efficiency of any possible encoding, based solely upon the average distribution of characters in the message alphabet.
Subsequent investigations have revealed that no proof exists of the age at death of any of these three individuals and that their reported ages were based solely upon hearsay.
Their moral epistemology was equally based solely upon introspection.
