This represents the first clinical study of FF in a metered-dose inhaler (FF MDI) based on proprietary lipid-based porous-particle engineering technology.
Audio and video programmes based on proprietary formats such as Windows Media Player are another challenge.
The company, whose network computers are based on proprietary technology, has been losing business in recent years to servers based on lower-priced personal computers.
BlueArc of Mountain View, Calif., which develops high-performance data storage products based on proprietary microchips, said that it had raised $72 million in new venture capital financing.
The iPod, by contrast, is based on proprietary standards, is sold through Apple's glitzy chain of retail stores, and is priced at a premium to rival players.
But unlike electronic mail, which operates under a common published standard that allows any service to send an e-mail message to any user, instant messaging is based on proprietary technology.
Symbol's growth was based on proprietary technology, in particular bar-code scanners and wireless communications; Computer Associates, whose software runs large corporate computer systems, has grown mainly through acquisitions.
The most widely cited municipal bond yields are based on proprietary models, and individual investors have no way of learning what assumptions they are based on, why they give rise to different quotes or whether the prices are fair.
Since then, these big, tightly laced bundles of software and hardware have been dethroned by "distributed systems", meaning networks of smaller and cheaper machines, usually not based on proprietary technology.
