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In the past, conventional chemical and physical based pretreatment was utilized to reduce fouling of RO membranes.
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LMS pretreatment was utilized over corn stover by using HBT as mediator [70].
Hydrothermal pretreatment was utilized to remove hemicelluloses and break up the compact structure of the biomass.
A computer based, validated DAI was utilized during interviews.
Presently, various strategies such as DNA based, peptide- and protein based and live-vector based vaccines are utilized [ 12].
HIPIMS was utilized in both surface pretreatment as well as coating deposition steps.
To remove residual n-alkane and LDCA, the CME reactor was utilized for LDCA wastewater pretreatment.
To test further the anchoring enhancement property observed with the PEI pretreatment of the culture dishes, a second system was utilized.
The primary measure of DR was defined as percent change between pretreatment (d0) and end-of-treatment (d56) MADRS scores: DR = (1-MADRSd56/MADRSd0)*100. MADRS was utilized to calculate DR due to its superior sensitivity to symptom change and its dominant use in clinical trials investigating escitalopram51.
Physical pretreatment methods, including mechanical operations, different types of irradiation and ultrasonic pretreatment, have been utilized to enhance the accessibility to hydrolysable polymers within lignocellulosic material.
A Lewis acid – base coupling is utilized.
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