Most of the available data sources are based on voluntary reports such as adverse events, prescription monitoring, disease registries, administrative databases, primary care electronic patient records, or pharmacy dispensing databases.
Ameren expects a one-time fourth-quarter charge of $30 million to $50 million based on voluntary retirements of 300 to 500 employees.
Trading at the Chicago Climate Exchange, a market based on voluntary compliance, is set to begin in June.
"The PRRT system, based on voluntary compliance and self-reporting [by gas companies], operates with limited transparency and inadequate oversight.
When based on voluntary participation, the sample of participating units can be biased.
Household recycling is, to a large extent, based on voluntary efforts.
Are they based on voluntary or involuntary membership in the group?
Our country's tax system is based on voluntary compliance.
It's based on voluntary laughing, which often induces real laughter.
Environmentalists say state figures are based on voluntary submission and not are verified.
