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Survey measures will be based on validated measures of alcohol use, and also validated risk and protective factors.
We hypothesised that different histopathological features characterise different stages during knee OA progression, and that discrete subgroups can be defined based on validated measures of OA histopathological features.
Survey questions will be developed based on validated measures of alcohol consumption 3 37 38 and will be pilot-tested.
Variables specific to the text messages delivered by the text4baby mHealth program such as confirmed recall and reactions and receptivity to the messages were adapted by the authors based on validated measures previously published in social marketing evaluation research, including their own work [ 21, 22].
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Questions on outcome measures are based on validated standard questionnaires used in physical activity-related studies to detect changes over time for physical activity levels, 32 subjective well-being, 33 and health outcomes and costs.
The teamwork scale used for this report represents a subjective measure of teamwork that was based on validated teamwork measures however the tool itself not validated officially by the research team, other than for face validity by expert team trainers [ 27].
Data from clinical trials so far with infliximab and etanercept show that patients with AS and related disorders achieve significant improvement in clinical signs and symptoms based on validated outcomes measures.
Despite these limitations, the present study is unique by studying aging phenotypes based on validated clinic-based measures and medical records in a large cohort followed over a 16-year period.
A convenience sample of drivers (n = 511; mean (SD) age = 34.2 (8.8) years) completed a self-report questionnaire that was designed based on validated scales for measuring personality traits, risky driving behaviors and self-reported accident risk.
Articles documenting improvement in QoL measures based on validated clinical evaluation scales were selected and reviewed.
Outcomes included pre/post knowledge quiz and self-assessment measures based on validated tools from a Global Health CanMEDS Competency Model.
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