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A recent study using representative data for the Canadian population showed no significant difference between national estimates of smoking prevalence based on self-report and those based on urinary cotinine concentration (smoking prevalence based on self-report was 0.3 percentage points lower than that based on urinary cotinine concentration) (48).
Compared with estimates based on urinary cotinine concentration, high sensitivity and specificity of self-reported smoking status were reported (92.1 and 98.4% for men, and 91.2 and 98.3% for women).
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There is also a BPH Symptom Score Index developed by the American Urological Association (AUA) that will rate BPH based on urinary symptoms ranking it from mild to severe.
Urinary biomarker concentration was expressed based on urinary Cr contents.
Intake estimates based on urinary excretion data.
Fourth, we lacked data on urinary cotinine levels and therefore we did not have an objective measurement of smoking intensity.
The effects on urinary cotinine concentration of machine-measured nicotine yield, number of cigarettes consumed per day, and nicotine dependence were analyzed using a regression model, in which urinary cotinine concentration was the dependent variable, and two of the other parameters were independent variables.
We used a combined approach to conduct direct SHS exposure monitoring based on urine cotinine and personal nicotine badges.
The initial patch dose based on saliva cotinine concentration was 15 mg in both groups (table 1).
*Smoking status based on salivary cotinine concentrations: non-smoker <1 ng/ml, passive smoker 1-5 ng/ml, current smoker >5 ng/ml.
77 non-smoking respondents with a diagnosis of COPD completed direct SHS monitoring based on urine cotinine and a personal badge that measures nicotine.
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