The behavior of high-strength concrete members subjected to seismic loads is mainly based on the ultimate strength of concrete and its ductility.
The load levels have been determined based on the ultimate strength of reinforced polyurethane foam.
The model proposed by Mander et al. (1988) suggests a nonlinear relationship based on the ultimate strength surface developed by Elwi & Murray (1979), which reduces to the following form for circular sections: f, cc f, co = 2.254 ( 1 + 7.94 f r f, co - 2 f r f, co - 1.254 Open image in new window (7).
In order to predict the analytical shear strength of the SFRC beams more precisely, the selected beams were sorted into six different groups based on their ultimate concrete strength (low strength with f c ′ < 50 MPa and high strength with f c ′ < 50 MPa ), span-depth ratio (shallow beam with a/d ≥ 2.5 and deep beam with a/d < 2.5) and steel fiber shape (plain, crimped and hooked).
Based on the existing ultimate strength design formula and a new developed factor, a new formulation for ultimate strength of damaged plate has been introduced accounting for the effect of local dent.
The shallow and deep beam groups were also sorted based on their ultimate compressive strength of lower than 50 MPa (low strength concrete) and that of greater than or equal to 50 MPa (high strength concrete) (Esfahani and Rangan 1998; ACI-318R-05 2005), and the anchorage of steel fibers (hooked or plain and crimped or the combination of plain, crimped and hooked).
Reinforced concrete members are typically designed based on strength at ultimate limit state and subsequently checked for deflection and crack control at serviceability limit state.
In this analysis, the entire dataset was divided into six groups based on the ultimate compressive strength, span-depth ratio and the shape of steel fibers used in the beams, as shown in Table 3.
Guidelines for effective stacking sequences and maximum clamping forces for mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates are suggested based on delamination bearing strength and ultimate bearing strength.
In the present paper, an interaction equation based on the ultimate hull girder strength assessment obtained by nonlinear finite element analyses is adopted to consider the relationship between ultimate longitudinal bending capacity and average external sea pressure over the bottom.
