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Evacuation planning and management approaches are mostly based on traffic assignment approaches.
Hanabusa and Horiguchi [4] developed a two-step model based on traffic assignment with stochastic user equilibrium and entropy maximization.
An approach based on traffic assignment is proposed in order to estimate the traffic exposure at ward level.
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Hence, the contribution of traffic was scaled using an average hourly traffic intensity pattern (based on traffic counts), thereby deriving hourly intensities.
In the OD estimation process, the network, traffic and route choice behaviour parameters were to be fixed initially, as this process is based on the traffic assignment matrix that is affected by any change in the simulation input parameters.
Solution procedures based on the traffic assignment algorithm, genetic algorithm, and Monte-Carlo simulations were developed to solve these stochastic NDP models.
So, the main requirement that deals with this conceptual simulation is development of an individually based dynamic traffic assignment mechanism.
Equilibrium for equipped vehicles means that all the vehicles from a simultaneous OD pair can experience equal travel time, independent of their path; it's because the real-time evaluation of the traffic network helps find the best path for each equipped vehicle and lets the drivers be informed of their most efficient path, based on individual dynamic traffic assignment mechanisms.
The impacts of the roads closure are simulated based on user-equilibrium traffic assignment for which the following assumptions widely used in the literature are made: (a) travel demand is fixed and quantified as a single matrix, (b) commuters have a perfect understanding of the travel time, (c) neither demand nor travel time changes over time.
Multi Protocol Label Switching MPLSS) is a flexible routing mechanism based on the assignment of traffic flows to complete end-to-end paths, and can be used to reduce congestion in an IP network by means of 'traffic engineering', the intelligent matching of flows to capacities of paths.
The measures of annual average daily traffic are based on actual traffic counts for major roadways and estimated according to regional traffic for more local roads.
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