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aEthanol yield based on total sugars measured prior to fermentation; bno statistically significant differences.
The ethanol yield coefficient was therefore also expressed based on total sugars available in the reaction, as shown in parenthesis.
The unfermented glucose not only compromises ethanol yield that is calculated based on total sugars feeding into fermentation systems without deduction of residual sugars, but also imposes difficulty for the subsequent treatment of waste distillage.
Up to 77% xylose utilization and 85% of theoretical ethanol yield (based on total sugars), giving a final ethanol concentration of 45 g L-1, were obtained in fed-batch SSF at 10% WIS when prefermentation was applied.
The XR/XDH strain produced a final ethanol concentration of 14.7 g l-1, with a yield based on total sugars of 0.23 g (g sugar -1, while the XI sugar -1eached an ethanol concentration of 11.8 g l-1, whilea yield on theal sugars equal to 0.18 g (g sugar)-1 (Table 2).
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At 150 °C, the effects of acid concentration (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%) and residence time (5, 10, 20, 30 min) on sugar productions in pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated, with the optimal pretreatment conditions determined for each switchgrass genotype based on total sugar yield and the amounts of sugar degradation products generated during the pretreatment.
This affects the calculated ethanol yield coefficient based on total sugar (glucose and xylose) consumed.
Based on total sugar consumed, the obtained ethanol yield was about 70% of the theoretical value.
Ethanol concentration in the broth was 28 g/L after 72 h, which corresponds to 93% theoretical yield based on total sugar consumption.
Enzymatic hydrolyzates were prepared from up to 15% dry mass pretreated (steam explosion) wheat straw and contained glucose and xylose in a mass ratio of approximately 2. With all strains, yield coefficients based on total sugar consumed were high for ethanol (0.39 to 0.40 g/g) and notably low for fermentation by-products (glycerol: ≤0.10 g/g; xylitol: ≤0.08 g/g; acetate: 0.04 g/g).
An ethanol concentration of 21.9 and 21.5 g l-1 were achieved corresponding to a yield of 0.28 g g-1 and 0.27 g g-1 based on total available sugars for the strains KE6-12 and RHD-15, respectively.
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