Sentence examples for based on third codon from inspiring English sources

Finally, although based on only one nonrecombining locus, the aye-aye branch length based on third codon position sites of mitochondrial DNA genes was also the shortest among 18 primate genera (Yang and Yoder 2003).

Therefore, we have tried to date the Phytophthora paranomes based on third codon or synonymous substitution rates (or Ks-estimation, see Methods).

To explore how the amount of data affects statistical power of inference of divergence dates, we used estimates of species neutral evolution rate based on third codon substitutions of cytochrome b for 131 carnivore species [ 35].

Further, our analysis also provided support for Amborella as sister to all other angiosperms, but interestingly, in the bayesian phylogeny inference based on first two codon positions Amborella united with Nymphaeales.

We removed bases on third codon positions and concatenated the remaining sequences.

Data were partitioned based on first, second and third codon positions.

In the phylogenetic trees based on the third codon (Additional file 8), the structure of the ML tree is similar to the BI with the exception of Phasianus.

The results based on the third codon position shows that Fugu is too distantly related to the three mammals to be informative in placement of the root of the mammals (results not shown).

This observation suggests that the estimated branch length difference based on the third codon position sites can be attributed principally to a lower neutral rate of substitution in the aye-aye lineage rather than to variation in selective constraint.

SC: Synonymous codon; SCUB: Synonymous codon usage bias; NNA, NNC, NNG, NNT: Synonymous codons with A, C, G and T at the third position; N NN: the synonymous codon combinations based on the second-third nucleotides; N N| N: the synonymous codon combinations based on the third nucleotide of the codon and the first nucleotide of the next codon.

Our initial analysis using all codon positions of protein-coding genes leads to quite different tree topologies, compared with the tree based on only first and second codon positions.