The overwhelming majority of countries, however, accepts the principle of separation of roles between the scientists and the decision-makers (e.g., Marzocchi et al. 2012), with the former providing expert evaluations, and the latter making decisions based on their respective political and societal mandates.
Until recently, arable production systems in the Netherlands were solely based on their production function, while ecological and societal functions were not or hardly taken into account.
The model for priority setting presented here is based on criteria reflecting the epidemiology and societal impact of zoonotic diseases.
A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model was conducted to compare the costs and health outcomes of all available drug treatments in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with palliative care; the analysis was performed using a lifetime horizon with a one-year cycle length based on a societal perspective.
The subsidy would be based on "the societal benefits" of each vaccine, including its ability to enhance the length and quality of life, to reduce future medical costs and to increase the productivity of workers by keeping them healthy.
In 2006, the court ruled 4 to 2 that gay couples had no right to get married under existing state law or the State Constitution, holding that limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples was based on legitimate societal goals, primarily the protection and welfare of children.
A societal CBA was also conducted based on the societal BOD difference for the immunized and the non-immunized cohorts.
Its plea for renewable energy is based on a societal assessment of the need for renewable energy.
Based on the societal approach to values, the Psychosocial Values Questionnaire was developed (PVQ; Pereira et al. 1997; Torres 1992) to measure the value systems of social groups.
We adopt a semantically open representation of informal settlements that can capture the diversity of adaptive strategies used by different settlement typologies, based on the societal metabolism approach.
