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Chitin can be recognized by mammalian cells, and is bound and degraded by chitin-binding proteins GH18, playing an important role in inflammation and innate and adaptive immunity based on their modulation on various disease states [ 49].
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These genes were divided into five groups based on their expression modulation over time.
Moreover, PFASs have been characterized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (ED) (White et al. 2011) based on their hormonal modulation and metabolic associations (Lin et al. 2009).
Furthermore, the 3,569 unigenes were divided into 10 subclusters based on their expression modulation, representing 10 different expression patterns (Fig. 2).
The expression profiles of the differentially expressed genes were determined by cluster analysis, and genes were grouped into 10 clusters based on their expression modulation.
During further investigation of the expression profile of these differentially expressed genes, the 5,076 genes were subjected to hierarchical clustering with the k-means method using Pearson's correlation distance based on their expression modulation.
The total differential genes were divided into 12 groups based on their expression modulation with analysis of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, representing the number of profiles as indicated by figure of merit analysis.
Furthermore, expression profile of differentially expressed genes was accomplished by hierarchical clustering with k-means method using Pearson's correlation distance based on their expression modulation by Genesis [ 38]. qRT-PCR was carried out to estimate the validity of RNA-Seq technology for expression profile analysis.
We further grouped all the gene pairs based on their co-modulation patterns (significance of candidate modulators for each gene pair) so that gene pairs significantly modulated by the same set of modulators were grouped.
To further dissecting the gene pairs based on their co-modulation patterns, we grouped gene pairs that were significantly modulated by the same set of modulators.
Pairs of genes were divided into groups based on their co-modulation patterns.
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