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When an unauthorized copy of the content is found, a tracing algorithm outputs a list of suspicious users, based on the watermark detected in this copy.
Based on the watermark embedding locations provided by the key, each of the wavelet coefficients, obtained in Step 1, is quantized into the symbol "0" or "1", using the same quantization function employed during the embedding process, namely, (6).
Based on the watermark embedding of singular values, PSNR is expressed as PSNR=-mathsf{10}lo{g}_{mathsf{10}}left(frac{{leftVert {widehat{lambda}}_{D^k}-{lambda}_{D^k}rightVert}_{mathsf{2}}^{mathsf{2}}}{{mathsf{2}mathsf{55}}^{mathsf{2}}mn}right) (23).
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A basic implementation of this model is developed based on the SS watermarking with LC-based detector and the quantization watermarking using binary DM.
Therefore, there are schemes which are either visible or invisible based on the appearance of watermark on the watermarked images.
In this paper, a new BWE method based on the modified LSB watermark technique is proposed.
A speech bandwidth extension method based on the modified audio watermark is proposed in this paper.
A specific watermarking implementation is presented in Section 4 based on the new dual watermarking method.
The watermark insertion and watermark extraction are based on the quantization index modulation technique and the watermark extraction algorithm does not need the original audio in the extraction process.
The encryption of the watermark and the choice of embedded areas based on the perceptivity not only confer the watermark with good invisibility but also with good robustness.
In [16], the watermark detection is based on the correlation between the 2D STFT of the watermarked image and that of the watermark image for each image pixel.
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