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These singular integral equations are then solved by numerical method based on the singularity nature at the crack tips.
In each wavelet scale of the oil debris sensor output signal, the debris coefficients are detected based on the singularity of the debris signal.
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Based on the singularities, we can find some special moving planes, from which a quadratic parameterization of the Steiner surface can be retrieved.
Ritz method is applied to obtain the governing equilibrium equations, then the buckling loads are computed by solving the eigenvalue problem basing on the singularity of the tangential stiffness matrix.
Then, based on the known singularity locus equation, three procedures are presented to determine singularity-free zones in the 3-D and 6-D workspace, respectively.
Based on the obtained distribution charts of the singularity and workspace shape and the atlas, one can know the singularity and workspace performances of any one of the 5R symmetrical parallel mechanisms.
The underlying of this method is based on the detection of signals singularities by the Maximum of Modulus of Wavelets Transform and their characterization by Hölder exponent evaluation.
Based on the assumption of a constant stress singularity exponent along the crack front, a numerical approach leading to crack shape determination is suggested and applied.
The nonlinear analysis is based on the normal form technique of dynamic singularity theory which constructs solutions, such as limit-cycles, tori, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits, to the pertinent dynamic equations.
Based on the idea of information fusion, a composite singularity detection criterion has been designed.
Based on the Jacobi velocity transfer matrix, the possible singularity configurations were studied and the methods avoiding these configurations discussed.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com