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Next, based on the reconstructed data model in (13) and the CFO shift spreading code matrix in (14), a simple CFO estimator is determined as the solution to the following spectral search problem: Δ ε ^ 1 = max Δ ε 1 S ( Δ ε 1 ) ≡ t r U s H C ˜ 1 C ˜ 1 H U s (15).
Based on the reconstructed tree topologies and following the principle of parsimony, we can infer that the ancestor of the Central and edwardsianus lineages likely occupied a niche similar to that of its sister group, i.e. the Western lineage.
After the first phase image has been reconstructed, the procedure allows simulating the defocus images based on the reconstructed phase and the in-focus image.
After conducting the compressive sampling according to (12), we will use reconstruction-approach to reconstruct the EMV and then perform the CFO estimation based on the reconstructed EMV.
The actual digital three dimensional microstructures of the as-sintered films were reconstructed using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography and their elastic moduli were calculated using finite element modelling based on the reconstructed microstructures.
Based on the reconstructed fire and vegetation shifts, a changing land use pattern could have been recognized.
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The independent contrasts are based on the trees reconstructed with BI without consideration of five cases of phylogenetic uncertainty.
Based on the phylogeny reconstructed here as well as previous reports [ 64], HK 4 is the oldest member of this gene family.
Because the species level divergence times estimated in *BEAST (Additional file 5) were only slightly shallower than those in the gene tree approach as predicted, the following description is only based on the chronogram reconstructed in BEAST.
The Younger Dryas climate event (YD) was identified in the northern and middle OT based on the SST patterns reconstructed using the Mg/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifera (Sun et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2010; Kubota et al. 2010).
The population history model used in the simulation was based on the migration history reconstructed by other genetic studies (mtDNA [46] and Y-chromosome [47]) and the tremendous changes of the environment or the society in East Asia.
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