The assignment of His253 equivalent residues was unambiguously determined for all sequences from cyt b from α-, β-, γ-, ε-Proteobacteria, andificae, and mitochondria based on the invariable amino acids up- and downstream of this position (for instance, see supplementary fig. S4, Supplementary Material online).
Corrections were based on the Kimura-2-parameter model taking invariable positions (+I) and varying substitution rates among sites (+G) into account.
Nightjars exhibited nearly invariable foraging site choice and body positioning behaviour based on the architecture of vegetation near foraging sites.
Traditional dynamic method for temperature measurement is generally based on the assumption that the thermal inertia coefficient of a thermocouple junction is invariable (time constant) within the whole measuring process.
For phylogenetic reconstruction based on coding sequences, we estimated the best-fit model of sequence evolution to be HKY + I + G (base frequencies = 0.2130, 0.3327, 0.4543; proportion of invariable sites = 0.4169; gamma distribution shape parameter = 0.8145) based on the AIC in Modeltest 3.7 [58].
Based on the estimated shape parameter of the γ-distribution, α = 0.02, the proportion of invariable sites, Pinvar = 0.8849, and an expected transition-transversion ratio of 6.28, a phylogenetic maximum-likelihood tree was inferred in P hyML Online version 3.0 [ 114] and compared to the haplotype network derived by the parsimony approach in Tcs.
A nucleotide alignment, which was used for the phylogenetic analysis, was aligned based on the deduced amino acid sequences using Clustal W. A general time reversible model with invariable sites and a gamma distribution for variable rate sites (GTR+I+G) was used.
ML and BI were based on the WAG substitution matrix with options of four gamma-distributed rate categories and estimate of invariable sites (plus empirical base frequencies in ML).
When the NRPL with a high NA is applied, there is still a deviation in focal length derived based on the intensity distribution of |E x |2 and |E z |2, and the deviation almost keeps invariable.
For both approaches, trees were inferred based on the General Time Reversible model of evolution with gamma-distributed rate variation and a proportion of invariable sites.
Early detection is based on the theory, dating back to the late 19th century, that the disease progresses consistently, beginning with a single rogue cell, growing sequentially and at some invariable point making a lethal leap.
