And it is in the "warm" direction of increased concentration not experienced by the planet at any point over the last 800,000 years based on the ice core data, and probably not over the two million years judging by the geological record.
Further, the mapping of ice production is presented based on the ice thickness by these algorithms and near-surface atmospheric data from the ECMWF interim reanalysis dataset.
Based on the high icing-delay performance and low ice adhesion strength, the anti-icing potential of superhydrophobic surfaces has been well investigated over the past years.
Based on the sea ice microstructure, a geometric pattern for the distribution of brine pockets in a single grain of sea ice is idealized.
Based on the level ice model, a new output feedback controller for DP will be proposed.
Based on the Sea Ice Grade Standard compiled by the State Oceanic Administration (2010) as shown in Table 6, we classified the disaster level into two states: high risk (including level I, II, III) and low risk (including level IV, V).
Based on the design ice load that corresponds to a certain return period, a practical approach for designing the frames behind the side-shell or the bow of a ship subject to ice loading is proposed.
Figure 2 shows the frequency of occurrence of coastal polynyas and landfast ice based on the AMSR-E thin-ice thickness and fast-ice detection algorithms by Nihashi and Ohshima (2015).
A crude estimation of the financial losses based on the number of icing hours and the number of installed MW is also proposed.
For those studies as for this one, the data have been mapped onto a rectangular grid overlaid on a north polar stereographic projection with grid squares (or pixels) representing Earth areas of 25 × 25 km [ NSIDC, 1992], and the results are based on the fundamental sea ice variable derived from the satellite data, the sea ice concentration.
