The power of exclusion, the probability of excluding a random individual from the population as a potential parent of an offspring based on the genotype of one parent and offspring, was calculated as PE = Σ p i (1- p i )2 - 1/2 Σ p i p j 2 [ 49].
When, for example, the pedigree information indicates that two animals are full-sibs, with a pedigree-based relationship ≥ 0.5, but the relationship based on the genotype information is close to zero, we can expect a pedigree or sample mis-identification.
The map was constructed based on the genotype data of the 575 polymorphic SNP markers on Infinium 6K SNP chip.
Based on the genotype of flanking markers, RM251, PA26, and RM2334 of the BPH31 locus, 101 BC1F1 individuals were subjected to foreground selection.
Figure 4 shows the distribution of mesocotyl length based on the genotype of the nearest SSR markers, RM3602 at the qMel-1 region and RM8277 at the qMel-3 region, in the F2 population.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test based on the genotype frequency was carried out separately for the three groups of individuals.
Based on the genotype, fetuses who carried only the SMN2 gene were classified according to risk for asymptomatic, mild, or severe SMA.
Each SNP was tested by grouping the expression values based on the genotype and assuming an additive relationship between number of 'B' alleles and expression level.
The heterozygosity for each marker based on the genotype data with the RIL mapping population was calculated with POPGEN32 software (www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/).ualberta.ca/~fyeh/
The haplotype phases of both parents in AF and US family-trios were estimated based on the genotype data of the corresponding offspring using the P1 option of the program.
Given the relatively low prevalence (1 1.6%) of GD [2], [3], Pe can be estimated based on the genotype frequencies in healthy controls, and RR can be approximated by OR of the risk genotypes [56].
