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The problem? Morningstar, Lipper or S&P, or many advisory newsletters, all share one fatal flaw: They rate and recommend funds based on the fund's past performance rather than the historical track record of the manager who is currently running the fund.
The first two are based on the fund's relative strength, or momentum.
But based on the fund's stated value of $18 million, much of that asset is apparently encumbered by debt.
For each of the nearly 1,800 funds in the study, the researchers calculated what they called a divergence index, based on the fund's concentrations in 10 broad industry groupings, relative to the overall market.
The managers say a neutral mix, based on the fund's composite benchmark, would be 80percentt of assets in dollar-denominated bonds and 20percentt in those denominated in foreign currencies.
Initially this will effect only defined contribution schemes, where payouts are based on the fund's performance, but eventually it could be rolled out to defined benefit (final salary) schemes.
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How much the city must directly contribute to the pension funds each year is based on the funds' investment returns.
If the project is deemed a success based on an outside evaluation, then the investor receives a modest return based on the funds the government has saved.
In addition, options based on the funds are used widely, and the funds can be sold short, a strategy that lets investors profit when share prices fall.
But assets in stock funds that RiskMetrics measures as aggressive, based on the funds' past volatility levels, actually rose to $1.3 trillion today from $430 billion last May.
But here are some rough estimates based on the funding formula.
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base currency of the fund
based on the contribution
based on the pool
based on the union
based on the floor
based on the trust
based on the financial
based on the envelope
based on the emergency
based on the gold
based on the subscription
based on the social
based on the nation
based on the merits
based on the stock
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