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It is trained with maximum likelihood estimation based on the EM algorithm.
Batch algorithms based on the EM algorithm or the iterative reweighted least squares algorithm have been widely adopted.
From Equations (8)–(11), the whole procedure to update the missing points based on the EM algorithm requires approximately of 6N × M additions and 4N × M multiplications, a total of 10N × M operations (either addition or multiplications) for each iteration.
In [22], the authors proposed an iterative channel estimator based on the EM algorithm to separately estimate the channels B → R (BS-RN) and R → U (RN-UT), that on the initial phase uses a training sequence and after can use the regenerated data.
In this case study, phases for X-ray data to 4.87 Å resolution were calculated for TLR13 based on the EM model and the MR positions, which gave map correlation coefficients relative to the final refined coordinates of 0.365 and 0.257 for main-chain and side-chain atoms, respectively (Fig. S1).
Haplotypes were analyzed using Haploview version 4.2 based on the EM algorithm [ 17].
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A modified FBA method with minimization of the 1-norm objective function between two optimal flux distributions was used to determine optimal intracellular fluxes based on the EM-constrained metabolic models.
Forming more effective coverage area by using mobile and stationary sensors and probabilistic detection model has been aimed by developing the Optimal Sensor Detection Algorithm that is based on the proposed EM algorithm (OSDA-EM).
To overcome this difficulty, we design a new maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator of the hyperparameters, and solve the related optimization problem with a novel iterative scheme based on the Expectation Maximization (EM) method.
While the 7.5 Å resolution of the current LdcI-LARA reconstruction precludes building a reliable pseudoatomic model of the 329 360 LARA domain loop based on the experimental EM density, its structural plasticity is obviously essential to fullful this role.
The structure was built based on the cryo-EM structure of Nog1-TAP pre-60S (Wu et al., 2016), crystal structures (Brx1, Ebp2, Nsa1), homology models (Has1 and Rpf1) and de novo modeling (Mak16 and Rrp1) (Fig. S4 and Table S1).
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