Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
based on the below
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "based on the below" is perfectly correct and usable in written English.
For example, "Please submit your report by the end of the week, based on the below instructions."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
News & Media
Academia
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
8 human-written examples
The change in production, based on the below equation, is then distributed through "dispatch strategy" block among the participating generators, i.e. CHP and WPP in this study.
The pool was winnowed to the finalists who appeared most often on voter ballots, and the nominations panel was then asked to rank each candidate, in order from 1 to 30, based on the below outlined criteria.
News & Media
You can find below Table 11, which includes a summary of the life cycle emissions corresponding to the different types of renewable energy, based on the below mentioned references.
Turns out it wasn't just Maroney who was "not impressed," based on the below photo by White House photographer Pete Souza.
News & Media
Based on the below tweet, it would appear that UK Garage icon DJ EZ has decided to stop wearing Nike clothes, including the baseball cap with which he has become completely synonymous.
News & Media
Based on the below histogram (Fig. 5), the capsule samples determined by visual endpoint (operator's judgment) have a mean of 449 s (7.5 min) a minimum of around 50 s and a maximum of around 850 s (14 min).
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
52 human-written examples
Selection decisions (both on campus and at the national level) are based on the criteria below.
Academia
Selection decisions on campus and in the Marshall regions are based on the criteria below.
Academia
The red numbers are the decoded values from each pulse based on the values below.
Academia
An intimate space with a great sound system, the club is also associated with the exclusive artists' society De Kring, which is based on the floor below.
News & Media
All this taking into account the intensity of droughts using different scenarios based on the threshold below which it is considered to be in drought.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When using "based on the below", ensure the information referenced is immediately and clearly presented afterward. For example, "Our conclusions, based on the below data, indicate a positive trend."
Common error
Avoid using "based on the below" without providing a direct and obvious link to the information being referenced. Readers should not have to search for the data you are referring to.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "based on the below" functions as a prepositional phrase, modifying a clause by indicating the foundation or justification for a statement, decision, or analysis. As Ludwig AI states, the phrase is perfectly correct. Examples in Ludwig show this usage across various contexts.
Frequent in
Science
38%
News & Media
31%
Academia
23%
Less common in
Formal & Business
8%
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "based on the below" is a grammatically correct and relatively common phrase used to indicate that a statement is founded on information that will be subsequently presented. Ludwig AI confirms its correctness. This phrase is most frequently found in scientific, news, and academic contexts, signaling a reliance on forthcoming data for conclusions or decisions. When using this phrase, ensure that the referenced information is clearly and immediately available to the reader. Alternatives like "as indicated below" or "according to what follows" can be used to achieve a similar effect, depending on the desired nuance. Using "based on the below" contributes to clear and justified communication across various domains.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
according to what follows
Replaces "based on" with "according to" and uses "what follows" to refer to the subsequent information.
as indicated below
Uses "as indicated" instead of "based on" to show the reliance on the information provided later.
in light of the following
Emphasizes using the "following" information to make a judgment or decision.
considering the subsequent details
Highlights the act of "considering" the information that comes after.
informed by the information below
Replaces "based on" with "informed by" to express influence of subsequent data.
drawing from the ensuing data
Uses "drawing from" to indicate using the information provided after.
relying on what is presented below
Highlights the "reliance" on the information.
following the details outlined below
Highlights the act of "following" subsequent details.
guided by the subsequent information
Emphasizes that decisions are "guided by" the following data.
as per the information provided below
Uses the phrase "as per" to show accordance with the details after.
FAQs
How can I use "based on the below" in a sentence?
Use "based on the below" to indicate that a statement or conclusion is derived from information that will be presented subsequently. For example, "The decision, based on the below analysis, was to proceed with caution."
What's a good alternative to "based on the below"?
Alternatives include "according to what follows", "as indicated below", or "in light of the following". Choose the phrase that best fits the context.
Is it better to use "based on the above" or "based on the below"?
"Based on the above" refers to information already presented, while "based on the below" refers to information that will be presented subsequently. Use the phrase that accurately reflects where the information is located relative to your statement.
Can I start a sentence with "based on the below"?
Yes, starting a sentence with "based on the below" is grammatically correct, but ensure that the information it refers to is presented clearly and immediately after.
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Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested