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Based on the ADR detection method, we limited the inclusion of studies to those that used intensive chart review or voluntary reporting by healthcare professionals combined with measures to stimulate voluntary reports.
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Then, we constructed the ADR-pathway network based on the identified ADR-pathway associations.
We used network analysis on biology and pharmacology to (i) analyze topological property differences between frequent, infrequent, and rare ADRs, (ii) explore ADR-ADR associations (ADR-ADR network) based on the connections in the ADR-pathway network, and (iii) analyze ADR system organ class relations and mine the cliques with biological meaning in the ADR-ADR network.
Based on the extracted ADRs from the clinical texts and the structured prescription data, we calculated the frequency with which a specific ADR occurred.
Based on the discussion of ADR evolution, the information exchanging model, further interface extension and the detail use case are also presented to support further ADR system implementation.
The CFinder software was used to detect k-cliques in the ADR-ADR network based on the Clique Percolation Method (CPM) [ 20].
Sensitivity was unreliable as it was based on the assumption that all ADRs are picked up by both methods.
Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR), based on the magnetocaloric effect, are solid-state coolers that were the first to achieve cooling well into the sub-kelvin regime.
Instead, reports were time-stamped based on the date of the suspected ADR, or an approximation thereof.
Other studies have identified these variables as those influencing the risk of first time ADRs, 10 12 13 14 15 15 and they were significant predictors of repeat ADRs based on the preceding univariate analysis.
Based on the system developed during the EU-ADR project, the EU-ADR Alliance emerged as a federated collaborative framework for drug safety studies, using eight European population-based administrative and healthcare databases from Italy, Netherlands, UK, Germany, and Denmark [ 15].
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