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The paper is by Jon Bakija of Williams College, Adam Cole of the Treasury Department and Bradley T. Heim of Indiana University, and is based on tax data from 2005 (so, before the financial crisis).
Those data allow us to establish that, given gross real estate wealth is roughly equal to net wealth as measured through wealth taxes, a 30% undervaluation of real estate happens to imply a 30% underestimate of real wealth when based on tax data.
The Center for Retirement Research did a study based on tax data and showed that for every dollar an employer (on average) contributes to a 401k match, they pay 99 cents less in salary.
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The report from the state comptroller's office gives estimates on the bonuses, based on tax withholding data, data from banks and conversations with industry experts.
Graham and Mills (2008) found that simulated tax rates based on financial statement data are very highly correlated with tax variables based on tax return data.
Board studies showed that landlords had reaped record income coupled with the smallest increase in expenses in nearly a decade, based on tax department data for 1998, the most recent available.
Disposable income per equivalent adult was calculated using household income after tax from 2007 based on tax registry data from Statistics Norway.
Because the numbers are only estimates, based partly on tax data that at least once have proved unreliable in the past, some demographers cautioned against giving them too much weight.
While Mr. Gross' view is widely shared on Wall Street and by economists, it does not square with the facts if you really understand the data based on tax receipts that flow into the U.S. Treasury.
Five years ago, according to his data, based on tax numbers reported to the Internal Revenue Service, the top 1percentt received a little more than 25 times as much as the rest of US households in income; as of 2015, that top-to-bottom ratio had increased to more than 26 to 1.
Our data for private wealth are drawn from country-wide official wealth statistics based on tax declarations, dating back to 1913.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com