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These findings suggest that the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton remodels based on substrate stiffness (Chopra et al., 2012).
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Further, we noted that the localization of Cdc42EP3 in CAFs changed depending on substrate stiffness: it was diffuse on soft substrates and formed fibrillar structures on stiff matrices.
The absence of stiffness dependent spreading and differentiation on PDMS, apparently contradictory to previous findings of cell differentiation dependence on substrate stiffness, can be explained by the ability of seeded cells to remodel the collagen layer present on viscoelastic PDMS, diminishing their sensitivity to substrate stiffness.
However, a very high scatter of the resulting values (about 1 to 5 fJ) masked all possible dependence on substrate stiffness.
These finite element equations are based on secant stiffness rather than tangential stiffness.
Based on PFM AFM stiffness images, a "transition zone" with a width on the order of 600 1500 nm was observed between CPO and the TPO substrate that may play an important role in affecting the adhesion strength.
The global stiffness matrix is then obtained based on element stiffness matrices.
In addition, based on the stiffness characteristics of the immediate roof with a rectangle shape face, the immediate roof is divided into three categories as stiffness similar, zero stiffness and medium stiffness.
Secant stiffnesses of test specimens were normalized based on the stiffness at first cycle of 0.15% drift ratio and shown in Fig. 23.
The authors rule out this mechanism based on the stiffness of dsDNA (second paragraph).
LEDs based on SiC substrate are expected to have longer lifetime as compared to LEDs based on the Sapphire substrate.
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