Items were grouped together based on substantive considerations to determine if they functioned differentially due to racial/ethnic group differences in role modeling, perceptions of opportunities/barriers, familiarity with activities, and cultural expectations, as opposed to true racial/ethnic group differences in interests.
The demand that the referendum be postponed is not based on substantive objections to the constitution.
Mr. Menendez claims that his opposition to Judge Shwartz was based on "substantive" concerns about her knowledge of constitutional law.
"The big difference between Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party and the ads Rick Lazio is running is each of our ads are based on substantive issues," countered Peter Kauffman, a spokesman for the state Democratic Party, which has run a set of attack ads on Mrs. Clinton's behalf.
Miller said many of Rubio's attacks were not based on substantive issues because "trying to wage a battle of substance against Trump is pretty futile effort".
At the same time, note that Ezra Klein, Jonathan Cohn, Nate Silver and others are offering meaningful defenses of the Democratic plan, based on substantive evaluations.
Alternatively, splits could be based on substantive knowledge (e.g., the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards).
The final decision about exclusion of items should now be based on substantive reasons not merely through casual acceptance of arbitrary quantitative values as candidate threshold levels.
In the A4R framework, a fair process supplements moral deliberation based on substantive criteria and moral principles to guide resource allocation [ 3].
