F einberg and I rizarry (2010) recently proposed a heritable and selectable mechanism for this based on stochastic epigenetic variation.
Second, and more generally, the low variation within species and the fixation of diagnostic COI sequences even in young species groups conflicts with expectations based on stochastic models of mitochondrial variation, which argue that ancestral polymorphisms will persist for millions of generations [29].
Instead, within an isogenic population, without significant genotypic variation, there exists selectable phenotypic variation based on stochastic differences in gene expression patterns.
The characteristics of our baseline epidemics were consistent with other simulations based on stochastic individual-based models, specifically [7] [11].
Based on stochastic crack growth model, the effects of material variations on aircraft inspection schedules are investigated in this paper.
One of the models, ALFRESCO, is a cellular automata model that stochastically simulates transitions from spruce dominated 1 km2 spatial cells to deciduous woody vegetation based on stochastic fires, and from deciduous woody vegetation to spruce based on age of the cell with some stochastic variation.
This algorithm utilises a probabilistic model based on stochastic context free grammar and secondary structure-based filtering systems (SCFG).
An analytical framework based on stochastic geometry and higher-order statistics through the cumulants concept which captures network dynamics and channel variations is introduced.
The majority of the network models found in the literature are either variations of the Wyner model, making up an idealized, regular structure, or are based on stochastic geometry, such as Poisson point processes (PPPs) [17].
Reliability analysis is based on stochastic discrete event models like stochastic Petri nets.
