Miller's work encouraged researchers to abandon the more constricted, behaviorally oriented approach based on stimulus-response.
For example, response learning is based on stimulus-response associations where stimuli act as cues.
At the within-subject level, we specified regressors based on stimulus functions convolved with a hemodynamic response function.
The results indicated that higher-order cognition of Topology was supported by neural networks in: (1) the parietal cortex which is involved in activating possible responses based on learned stimulus-response associations, and (2) the prefrontal cortex that is recruited when there is a need to generate and evaluate hypotheses, and select between competing responses.
Logical inconsistencies between these definitions and theoretical and empirical evidence may be resolved by viewing habit as a process by which a stimulus automatically generates an impulse towards action, based on learned stimulus-response associations (see also West & Brown, 2013).
In addition to electrophysiological studies based on a stimulus-response paradigm, precisely timed spiking patterns have also been observed in the spontaneous activity of a variety of preparations [7] [9].
The action spectra of the post-stimulus response based on response amplitude and on the relative duration required to return to the dark adapted state (data not shown) are similar and comparable with the action spectra for the steady state equilibrium.
S and Pr could also be defined for gene set and phosphorylation activation based on response to stimuli (see methods for details).
For both architectures we test the novel hypothesis that participants break the decision rules on some trials, making a response based on only one stimulus even though task instructions require them to consider both.
In this respect, we believe that our cortisol response groups, although based on response during short-term stimuli, reflected the volume of cortisol secretion in repeated real-life stress.
The first "Stop" trial tone began 350 ms after presentation of the "Go" stimulus and adjusted dynamically based on participant response [ 32].
