First, an ANN model was developed based on standard back-propagation algorithm to model and predict brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and the emissions of engine.
At screening, all patients were imaged by computed tomography and positron-emission tomography; patients with a positive positron-emission tomography scan at screening received subsequent positron-emission tomography scans at the end of cycle 2 and cycle 4, and then as indicated based on standard clinical practice.
Hit selection was based on "standard scores".
Emission estimates of the target VOCs (benzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, p-xylene, and toluene) ranged from 0.86 to 2.18 g s−1 during the 14-day field campaign, while estimates based on the standard emission factors were one order of magnitude lower, possibly leading to an underestimation of the impact of these fugitive emissions on air quality and human health.
Based on standards from US EPA, OECD and ASTM.
They estimated tailpipe emissions for gasoline and diesel vehicles based on emissions standards and figures published in the peer-reviewed literature.
It was proposed in [10] that the method based on emissions performance standard can allocate emission permits effectively.
These calculations are based on the standard GHG emission value provided in Annex V of the EU REDDirectiveive 2009/28/EC for each specific biofuel option [7],[9].
Model predictions are based on emission tests using standard driving cycles designed to represent typical driving patterns along different types of roads, e.g., freeway, arterial, ramp and local roads [ 16].
