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In spite of the limited precision of some phenotypic identification systems, their consistent use with an adequate number of isolates in the diagnostic algorithm is probably sufficient for most mastitis control programs, which are currently not based on species level identification.
A hierarchical bird identifier which is based on species level and comprises 430 different species allowed the precise identification of the birds in the database.
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(A) Alpha diversity rarefaction curves of all 27 samples based on species-level OTUs.(B) PCoA plot of the between-sample Jaccard matrix of all 27 samples.
However, analyses based on family-level data were often unable to reproduce results based on species-level data.
CCA based on species-level data and environmental variables explained 48% of the variance, with TUSUM, stream width, percentage of detritus in the stream bed, and temperature being the most important variables.
Herein rates of speciation, extinction, and biodiversity turnover are calculated for three mainly North American clades: one bivalve subgenus, Leptodesma (Leiopteria), and two brachiopod clades, Floweria and Schizophoria (Schizophoria) based on species-level phylogenic hypotheses previously published in [27] [28].
Because our analyses were based on species-level data and not site means, 'Margin untoothed' was defined as a ternary variable for each species at a site as follows: 1 = all leaves untoothed, 0.5 = both toothed and untoothed, 0 = toothed.
We sought to design similar PCR tests to allow the identification of R. pickettii and R. mannitolilytica based on species-level signature sequences in the 16S rRNA gene.
Priority areas based on species-level data were only partly concordant with those based on intraspecific variation (Table 4) and may thus not be sufficiently effective in preserving either species richness or intraspecific variation given ongoing and future climate change.
Invasive infections caused by non albicans Candida spp. are more difficult to treat because of their innate or easily-acquired resistance to antifungal agents; therefore, the selection of drug treatment should be based on species-level identification.
Nevertheless, we are confident in concluding that reserves based on species-level data are not concordant with those based on intraspecific variation and that there is a need for both in conservation prioritization.
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